Before the First World War the world was without any international referentiality that decides, draws maps, puts end to conflicts, and formulates settlements, while the League of Nations  which emerged after the war was the first international form at this level, so the matter was in need of a world war that inherited all the previous wars especially the Crimean wars, which Russia was their winner force, but it got out of the super powers before the end of the First World War with Bolshevik Revolution, and it became outside Europe which each one of France and Britain has shared it after the defeat of Germany and the Ottoman Sultanate. Therefore, the world has entered with French British duality that shared the world under the coverage of the  League of Nations until the World War has occurred, and Germany has emerged once again as the Soviet Union, while from outside Europe America and Japan have emerged, so the club of the major players has been constituted but the confrontation between them has required a World War through which France and Britain have been destroyed, Germany and Japan have been defeated, while America and the Soviet Union have been culminated at the top of the global system summit that was dedicated by a referntiality that belonged to the United Nations and the International Security Council, through which the four countries the Soviet Union, America, France, and Britain were granted the veto, thus the total was five after the emergence of China and its entry to the new major club.

After the Second World War and despite the conflicts and the wars which took place in the world and with which many things have changed, the controlling of the conflicts remained possible, even when they reached their peak as what has happened on the day of crisis of deploying the Soviet missiles in Cuba and the American impediment of the Soviet ships in the Bay of Pigs, thus the Soviet American bilateral referentiality was able to maintain the stability which controlled the tensions and the crises till the collapse of the Soviet Union at the end of the eightieth of the last century. America has monopolized in leading the world and what is known as the unilateralism in polarity from the ninetieth till after the wars against Iraq and Afghanistan and the starting of the crises which attacked the Middle East with the so-called the Arab Spring, and the storm which is known by Syria and Iraq, and the emergence of ISIS, in addition to the consequences of Yemen war and the conflicts in the Northern of Africa, meanwhile the American entrance  to the era of weakness, decline, and the inability to run the world and the emergence of the need to have partnerships, understandings, and settlements which the anticipation for them has started with the end of July war in 2006, and the issuance of Baker Hamilton’s document which called the American administration to withdraw from Iraq and Afghanistan in addition to the pursuit for understanding with Russia, Iran, and Syria and solving the Palestinian issue and others; as concessions of the uniqueness of claiming the running the world and its rule, but these calls were a subject of denial hoping to change the facts with what is available of means of force.

During varying periods and for different reasons there were levels of international engagement to fill the gaps in the global referntiality, where the most notable was the gathering of the major eight, which it was clear that it included small countries after they were major ones, while the real major were absent. Therefore the gathering included in addition to each one of America, Russia, Britain, France, and Germany both of Japan and Canada while China is absent, but after the departure of Russia it became weaker and weaker and a mere coordinated expression among the Western countries. Moreover the groups of Twenty countries has emerged as well which includes in addition to the five permanent members in the Security Council, Germany, and the three countries which were major in the gathering of the eight, representatives of the continents which are Saudi Arabia, India, Southern Korea, Turkey, Indonesia as a representation of Asia, and the southern of Africa as a representative of the African continent, in addition to Argentina, Brazil, Mexico as representatives of the American continent. The problem of the economical aspect of the groups of twenty on one hand and its expansion on the other hand and the absence of Iran which stands on the opposite side in all the problems of the Middle East as a third aspect, make its leading mission of the world at the political level impossible unless Iran is cancelled and its allies are defeated in the wars which the region has witnessed.

During the negotiation which the West has waded with Iran and on the rhythm of fierce wars to cancel the position of Iran and its allies, there was a need for an international coverage for negotiation, thus a group known as the five plus one has emerged and included the five countries which have the veto in addition to Germany the representative of the whole economical world as a super power that has the most important position in the European Union, and the sixth super power in the world. During the follow up of this group to its task and its work with Iran, it will be revealed that it has spent tens of thousands of working hours at the level of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, their assistants, and experts which exceeded what the International Security Council has spent at the same time at the level of ambassadors, but this is not a formal matter.  So if the electoral effort is deciding the powers which the constitutional sites receive in the countries, then the negotiating effort is deciding the size of the institution and its future. Furthermore technically, it was possible for the International Atomic Energy Agency to deal with Iranian nuclear program even from the political perspective according to what the countries inform their delegates, but the emergence of the group of the major six and Iran was an expression of the need that surpassed the size of the nuclear issue, so this makes it turn gradually to the groups of the major seven. where it is enough to examine the accumulative international crises to know that this institution; which means the new major seven is the only one which is able to solve them and it is can only be a referentiality for its debates and solving its problems.

The world with the group of the major seven moves towards forming a referentiality that is beyond the United Nations, and the evidence is that the nuclear understanding is including items that will be issued with a form of resolutions of the International Security Council which the group of the new major seven has referred to it, therefore later the Security Council will discuss issues, and its members will discover the need to discuss them at the level of the group of the new major seven to develop the understandings around them, so this group will be turned little by little into a new international referentiality which will fill the vacancy at the level of new global system.

Translated by Lina Shehadeh,

2015-06-28 | عدد القراءات 1993